唐朝百丈怀海禅师,继承开创丛林的马祖道一禅师以后,创立一套系统的丛林规矩百丈清规。所谓马祖创丛林,百丈立清规,就是此意。这是怀海禅师对禅宗的又一个巨大贡献。 百丈禅师倡导一日不作一日不食的农禅生活。
他每日除了领众修行外,必亲执劳役,勤苦工作,对生活中的自食其力,极其认真;对于平常的琐碎事务,更不肯假手他人。
百丈怀海禅师九十四岁时,还与弟子们一起劳动。他每日仍随众上山担柴、下田种地。因为农禅生活,就是自耕自食的生活。
弟子们不忍心让年迈的师父做这种粗重的工作,因此,大众恳请他不要随众出坡,但百丈禅师仍以坚决的口吻说道:我无德劳人,人生在世,如不亲自劳动,岂不成废人?
弟子们阻止不了禅师服务的决心,只好将禅师所用的扁担、锄头等工具藏起来,不让他做工。
百丈禅师无奈,只好用不吃饭的绝食行为抗议,弟子们焦急的问道为何不饮不食?
百丈禅师说道:既然没有工作,怎能吃饭?
弟子们无奈,只好将工具又还给他,让他随众生活。
百丈禅师的这种一日不作,一日不食的精神,也成为丛林千古的楷模!
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